Guest: Dr. Ken Davidian:  Topics:  Ken discusses his new paper "What Makes Space Activities Commercial."  This was an interesting, somewhat technical and most informative discussion regarding commercial space, government space, and the driving factors behind the projects and goals.

Guest:  Temidayo Oniosun;  Topics: Space in Arica (see https://spaceinafrica.com);  African space policy, plans, projects, satellites and the corresponding industry, commercial space, African space fairing nations, investment, education and more.  A comprehensive overlay of the African space industry, public and private.

Guest:  Chris Carberry of Explore Mars;  Topics:  The Explore Mars Innovation Forum event plus information on the newly organized Space Drinks Association.

We welcomed Doug Messier back to the program for a 94 minute discussion starting out with the success of the Perseverance Mars rover landing earlier in the day.  Most of the first segment was devoted to Perseverance, the various science experiments plans, the onboard hardware and instruments such as the helicopter, microphones, advanced cameras, MOXIE to make O2 out of the Martian atmosphere plus more.  Listen as Doug and callers/emailers discuss the instrument package, the experiments and the search for possible past life on Mars.  Also discussed was the landing site, Jezero Crater, plus t

Guest:  Open Lines with Dr. David Livingston; Topics:  We had multiple callers talking about a variety of topics and issues including watching launches from their yard in Florida.